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Reference/Citation:? Roos KG, Marshall SW. Definition and usage of the term "overuse injury" in the US high school and collegiate sport epidemiology literature: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2014;44(3):405-421. ? What is the cu...
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Reference/Citation:? Roos KG, Marshall SW. Definition and usage of the term "overuse injury" in the US high school and collegiate sport epidemiology literature: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2014;44(3):405-421. ? What is the current context of the term overuse in the epidemiologic sports injury literature? ? The authors performed a database search of PubMed and SPORTDiscus. The Boolean phrases athletics AND injury and overuse OR epidemiology were searched. ? Studies were included in the review based on the following criteria: (1) epidemiologic in nature, (2) involved US high school or collegiate athletes, and (3) published in English between 1996 and 2012. In addition, a study was classified as epidemiologic in nature if appropriate exposure data were collected in order to calculate injury incidence rates. One reviewer initially read the titles or abstracts of the studies to determine their relevance for the systematic review. Studies were excluded if they (1) were biomechanical or anatomical in nature, (2) were clinical in nature, or (3) assessed the effectiveness of an intervention. ? The reviewer extracted statistics and definitions of the word and phrase overuse and no contact. The reviewer adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines as much as possible. ? A total of 5182 titles of articles were initially identified in the databases searched. Then 232 studies were read to determine if they included overuse statistics. A total of 35 articles were included in the final review. Two main surveillance programs were used in these studies, with the authors of 12 articles (n = 12/35, 34.3%) using data from the High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) and the authors of 13 articles (n = 13/35, 37.1%) using data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance System (ISS). One group (n = 1/35, 2.9%) used both surveillance systems, whereas 9 groups (n = 9/35, 25.7%) used other surveillance systems. Articles were categorized as (1) high school or collegiate studies using neither ISS nor RIO data, (2) high school studies using RIO data, or (3) collegiate studies using ISS data. The authors of only 1 article of the 35 (2.9%) provided a comprehensive definition of the word overuse. Collectively, 14 groups classified overuse as a mechanism of injury, 7 classified it as a category of diagnosis, and 8 classified it as both a mechanism of injury and a category of diagnosis. Specifically, 12 of the 35 articles combined overuse with other terms such as chronic, gradual onset, and repetitive stress, whereas 4 of the 35 articles defined overuse in the context of no-contact injuries. ? A great deal of inconsistency exists within the sports injury epidemiological literature regarding the term overuse. The authors of the systematic review recommended using the term overuse when referencing the mechanism of injury. A working definition of the term overuse should be used in injury surveillance such that injuries due to overuse are characterized by a mechanism of gradual onset and an underlying pathogenesis of repetitive microtrauma.
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This study addresses the epidemiology of injuries in adolescent male and female soccer players in Germany. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyse the injuries in male and female youth soccer players in Germany. This st...
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This study addresses the epidemiology of injuries in adolescent male and female soccer players in Germany. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyse the injuries in male and female youth soccer players in Germany. This study was designed as a cross-sectional web-based survey. From March until December 2011 we investigated 1110 soccer players (male n = 841; female n = 269) aged 12 - 19 years (15.0 ?? 2.0 years) from 60 clubs in Southern Germany. A total of 664 (79 %) of the 841 boys and 67 (25 %) of the 269 girls reported being injured due to soccer. The total number of injuries was 2373. Respectively the frequency of injury was 2.85 in boys and 7.10 in girls. The lower extremities were affected in 70 % of all reported cases. Strains were the most common injuries in the lower and upper extremities (35 %). The boys reported in 51.5 % of all injuries that the injury was non-contact in nature. In contrast, 52.1 % of the injuries in girls were reported as contact injuries. Similar amounts of injuries were observed in training versus games for both genders. Prevention procedures, such as a thorough warm-up, should be implemented before every game and training to reduce the risk of injury. ? Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ?? New York.
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Fatal injuries caused by attacks by large wild cats are extremely rare in forensic medical practice in Europe. There are very few cases described in the forensic medical literature concerning incidents in zoos similar to the tiger...
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Fatal injuries caused by attacks by large wild cats are extremely rare in forensic medical practice in Europe. There are very few cases described in the forensic medical literature concerning incidents in zoos similar to the tiger attack on a 58-year-old male zoo employee that we present here. While preparing a runway for tigers, the man was attacked by a male Sumatran tiger. Another zoo employee was an eyewitness to the accident; in his testimony he described the sequence of events in detail. The autopsy showed the injuries typical of a tiger attack: traces of claws and canine teeth indicating that the victim of the attack was knocked down from behind, along with deep and extensive fatal wounds to the neck. The injuries were inflicted by means of a compound mechanism: tissues were penetrated by the animal's canines, crushed with great force (transfixing injury), and violently distended. The skin revealed four characteristic deep wounds caused by canines as well as bite marks resulting from the action of six incisors. The neck area revealed extensive damage, including torn muscles, the esophagus and trachea, large blood vessels of the neck, and fractures of vertebrae C2 and C5 with internal channels resulting directly from penetration by the animal's canines. The mechanism of distension, as a result of the animal jerking its head after biting the victim in the neck, produced a complete tear of the spine and the vertebral arteries, as well as an intramural rupture of the carotid arteries which has never been described before. In the interests of a detailed assessment of bone damage, the cervical spine was macerated. The applied autopsy techniques and detailed analysis of injuries enabled us to demonstrate the compound mechanism that inflicted them, combining penetration of tissues by the canines, crushing, and distension. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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? 2023 Elsevier LtdIntroduction: Elder abuse is common, but many characteristics have not been well-described, including injury mechanisms and weapons in physical abuse. Better understanding of these may improve identification of ...
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? 2023 Elsevier LtdIntroduction: Elder abuse is common, but many characteristics have not been well-described, including injury mechanisms and weapons in physical abuse. Better understanding of these may improve identification of elder abuse among purportedly unintentional injuries. Our goal was to describe mechanisms of injury and weapons used and their relation to injury patterns. Methods: We partnered with District Attorney's offices in 3 counties and systematically examined medical, police, and legal records from 164 successfully prosecuted physical abuse cases of victims aged ≥60 from 2001 to 2014. Results: Victims sustained 680 injuries (mean 4.1, median 2.0, range 1–35). Most common mechanisms were: blunt assault with hand/fist (44.5%), push/shove, fall during altercation (27.4%), and blunt assault with object (15.2%). Perpetrators more commonly used body parts as weapons (72.6%) than objects (23.8%). Most commonly used body parts were: open hands (55.5% of victims sustaining injuries from body parts), closed fists (53.8%), and feet (16.0%). Most commonly used objects were: knives (35.9% of victims sustaining injuries from objects) and telephones (10.3%). The most frequent mechanism/injury location pair was maxillofacial/dental/neck injury by blunt assault with hand/fist (20.0% of all injuries). The most frequent mechanism/injury type pair was bruising by blunt assault with hand/fist (15.1% of all injuries). Blunt assault with hand/fist injury was positively associated with victim female sex (OR: 2.27, CI: [1.08 – 4.95]; p = 0.031), while blunt assault with object mechanisms was inversely associated with victim female sex (OR: 0.32, CI: [0.12 - 0.81]; p = 0.017). Conclusion: Physical elder abuse victims are more commonly assaulted with an abuser's body part than an object, and the mechanisms and weapons used impact patterns of injury.
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Background: Patellofemoral instability injuries, including dislocations and subluxations, are relatively rare in the general population but are believed to be much more common in young athletic patient populations, such as high sc...
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Background: Patellofemoral instability injuries, including dislocations and subluxations, are relatively rare in the general population but are believed to be much more common in young athletic patient populations, such as high school athletes. In spite of the relatively high risk, the epidemiology of such injuries in this population has not been clearly elucidated.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a single bolus of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 450/0.7 in lactated electrolyte injection) during initial resuscitation has a differential effect in blunt and pen...
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a single bolus of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 450/0.7 in lactated electrolyte injection) during initial resuscitation has a differential effect in blunt and penetrating trauma patients.
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The correct assessment and early management of wounds is vital in achieving a good outcome in both the acute and chronic setting. A robust management plan for the trauma patient depends upon accurate and timely assessment of all i...
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The correct assessment and early management of wounds is vital in achieving a good outcome in both the acute and chronic setting. A robust management plan for the trauma patient depends upon accurate and timely assessment of all injuries and evaluation of key features such as mechanism of injury, pre-hospital findings and intervention, zone of injury, patient characteristics and structures damaged. This article describes the general principles of wound assessment and management, discussing mechanism and zone of injury, debridement techniques, types of irrigation and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Particular attention is given to the management of open tibial fractures, fasciotomy wounds, pretibial lacerations and haematomas and bite wounds.
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The correct assessment and early management of wounds is vital in achieving a good outcome in both the acute and chronic setting. A robust management plan for the trauma patient depends upon accurate and timely assessment of all i...
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The correct assessment and early management of wounds is vital in achieving a good outcome in both the acute and chronic setting. A robust management plan for the trauma patient depends upon accurate and timely assessment of all injuries and evaluation of key features such as mechanism of injury, pre-hospital findings and intervention, zone of injury, patient characteristics and structures damaged. This article describes the general principles of wound assessment and management, discussing mechanism and zone of injury, debridement techniques, types of irrigation and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Particular attention is given to the management of open tibial fractures, fasciotomy wounds, pretibial lacerations and haematomas and bite wounds.
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